The Government of Nepal ratified the United Nation Convention on the Rights of Child, 1989 on 14 November 1990, and the Children's Act, 1991 was subsequently enacted in 1992. The Act provides a framework for rights of a child, the protection and monitoring of children under risk as well as children in conflict with the law. It has incorporated a provision for establishment and operation of Juvenile Courts or Benches to deal with the cases of children in conflict with law. The Act has also provided for establishment of child welfare homes for orphan, abandoned, neglected or mentally retarded children or other children in need of care and correction homes for subjected children in conflict with law.

However, implementation of the provisions of the Act is still great challenges due to organizational as well as resource (human as well as financial) constraints. Juvenile Justice System is in its development phase, ratification and accession of international instruments and national legislative enforcement. However, the enforcement of recent Juvenile Justice (procedure) Regulations 2006 has been one of the significant shifts of implementation of standards in practice.